Sunday, May 12, 2013

Shavuos: Customs and Songs


Shavuos this year falls on Tuesday night, May 15, and the following day. Outside of Israel the prevailing custom is to observe it a second day as well. It is a Biblical holiday and is considered one of the three pilgrim festivals along with Pesach and Succos. The three pilgrim festivals have agricultural themes. With Shavuos it is a celebration of the first fruits. While not specifically mentioned as such in the Chumash, it is also the anniversary of the revelation on Mount Sinai. In the liturgy it is called "the day of the giving of our Torah".

The scriptural readings reflect the theme of G-dly revelation. The reading from the Torah is the account of the revelation on Mount Sinai found in Chapters 19 and 20.This is preceded by a preface called "Akdumos" אקדמות) – Aramaic, "preface"), which is a lengthy ode expressing thanksgiving to G-d for giving us the Torah. The Haphtarah is Ezekiel's vision of the sky opening, seeing the angels of the metaphysical world, and Hashem on His throne of glory.  

A popular custom is to decorate the synagogue and ones home with plants. The reason given is that Mount Sinai had much vegetation on it. Therefore plant decorations recall the revelation there. Branch and sprigs are the popular custom. The Mishna Brura brings a custom of placing trees in the shuls and homes because the world is judged for fruits on Shavuos. However he also adds that the Vilna Gaon opposed this custom because it was similar to a Christmas tree.

It is traditional to eat dairy foods with blintzes being particularly popular. Various reasons are given. It is an allusion to verse 4:11 in the Song of Songs, "milk and honey under your tongue". Another reason is that after the children of Israel received the law they saw that the practices concerning meat were complex and lengthy, therefore they ate only dairy until they could properly follow them. A third reason is that because meat and milk may not be eaten together, it encourages eating two distinct meals i.e. another one that is meat. This recalls the two sacrifices brought on Shavuos; the additional offering brought by the priests, and the festival offering brought by those that went to the Temple in Jerusalem.



Hallel - Psalm 118:19:24     http://youtu.be/lFbnEet8IUo  


יט. פִּתְחוּ לִי
19. Open for me
לִי שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק
gates of righteousness
אָבֹא בָם
I shall enter them
אוֹדֶה קָהּ
Thanking G-d
כ. זֶה הַשַּׁעַר לַה'
20. this is the gate to Hashem
צַדִּיקִים יָבֹאוּ בוֹ
The righteous come through it
כא. אוֹדְךָ כִּי עֲנִיתָנִי
21. I will thank you because you have afflicted me
וַתְּהִי לִי לִישׁוּעָה
And it has been my salvation
כב. אֶבֶן מָאֲסוּ הַבּוֹנִים
22. The stone rejected by the builders
הָיְתָה לְרֹאשׁ פִּנָּה
Has become the keystone
כג. מֵאֵת יְהֹוָה הָיְתָה זֹּאת
23. From Hashem this has been
הִיא נִפְלָאת בְּעֵינֵינוּ
It is a wonder in our eyes
כד. זֶה הַיּוֹם עָשָׂה ה'
24. this is the day made by Hashem
נָגִילָה וְנִשְׂמְחָה בוֹ
We will rejoice and celebrate in it.















Merciful King (מלך רחמן), Liturgy from the Amida   http://youtu.be/fF_-j4-8zT0

Merciful King, have mercy upon us, O thou good and beneficent Being, suffer thyself to be sought of us; return unto us in thy yearning compassion for the fathers’ sake who did thy will; rebuild thy house as at the beginning, and establish thy sanctuary upon its site; grant that we may see it in its rebuilding, and make us rejoice in its re-establishment; restore the priests to their service, the Levites to their song and psalmody, and Israel to their habitations: and there we will go up to appear and prostrate ourselves before thee at the three periods of our festivals, according as it is written in thy Law, Three times in the year shall all thy males appear before the Lord thy God in the place which he shall choose, on the feast of unleavened bread; and on the feast of weeks, and on the feast of tabernacles: and they shall not appear before the Lord empty. Every man shall bring according as he is able, according to tile blessing of the Lord thy God which he hath given thee.

O Lord our God, bestow upon us the blessing of thy appointed times for life and peace, for joy and gladness, even as thou hast been pleased to promise that thou wouldst bless us. Sanctify us by thy commandments, and grant our portion in thy Law; satisfy us with thy goodness, and gladden us with thy salvation; purify our hearts to serve thee in truth; and let us inherit, O Lord our God with joy and gladness thy holy appointed times; and may Israel who hallow thy name rejoice in thee.

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