Tuesday, September 3, 2013

Ha'azinu האזינו – The Atonement of His Servants

Parshas Ha'azinu is basically an epic poem. The introduction tells us about the kindness of Hashem and the centrality of the nation of Israel in the families of man. It then predicts that Israel will be prosperous and because of their wealth will spurn the bris. G-d will become angry and inflict great punishments on the nation. However, he will spare his servants from the suffering and the nations will rejoice when they see the vengeance of the people of HaKadosh Baruch Hu.
The verse that describes this situation is, "For the Lord will judge His people, and on His servants he will relent; for he sees that they are helpless, insignificant, isolated, and abandoned", (Deuteronomy 32:36). This describes the interplay between the nation as a whole which has gone greatly astray and its few remaining tsadikim. Specifically, that the sinful behavior of the people will not only bring widespread suffering, but will also cause the righteous to become marginalized. The Targum Yerushalmi adds that they will be without sustenance and support. Rashi explains that reason the tsadikim will be spared is because they are isolated and abandoned.

From the Or HaChaim it can be inferred that it is the function of the righteous to strongly rebuke those that anger the Almighty and to guide people in the ways of Hashem. Failure to do this would be reckoned as a sin on their part. However, because they have no power to do so, they are considered to be blameless.

Ultimately the salvation of the righteous will herald the beginning of the messianic era as is brought in the Gemara, " the Rabbis taught 'for Hashem will judge His people . . . when he sees they are helpless, insignificant, isolated, and abandoned'. The son of David will not come until hardship is multiplied. Another explanation is until the students are few; another explanation until the pocket is empty of the last penny; another is until we have completely despaired of the redemption", (Sanhedrin 97:).

The tsadikim are also seen as the life force of the nation. In connection with this the song ends with the verse, "Sing nations [to] His people, for the blood of his servants will rise and be avenged he will answer his adversaries and atone the soil of His people", (Devarim 32:43). The Sforno comments that the nations will sing to HaKadosh Baruch Hu because they will recognize that Hashem is straight with no iniquity in Him; specifically that the desolation of the Holy Land was just recompense for what the people did to it. This is one of the aspects of vengeance and atonement. The Or HaChaim adds that the desolation of the land will be a source of mockery to the nation because of their insolence.

The Or HaChaim continues that Hashem will not quarrel with His people forever. After that G-d will relent because of the righteous among the nation. In addition even though the behavior of the nation was not decent there is a legitimate claim that they did rely on Hashem, suffered poverty and degradation for the sake of heaven, were killed for the sanctification of G-d's name, and steadfastly yearned for the redemption.

Atonement is basically not an issue of punishment. It is more precisely a concept of rectification. However rectification implies some sort of fall. In line with this the Sforno comments that the atonement is not only about the desecration of G-d's name and otherwise, rather it is also the return of the shechina to dwell among the chosen people. He concludes his analysis quoting the verse, "together they will exalt when eye to eye they see the return of Hashem to Zion", (Isaiah 52:8).


To view on YouTube click:
A discussion of how the tsadikim are the vital core even of a sinful nation and how they beckon it to redemption
La Yesa Goy (לא ישא גוי) sang at 6:58 

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