Wednesday, December 11, 2013

VaYachi ויחי – Refining of Iron

Towards the end of parshas VaYachi Ya'akov avinu passes away. The brothers react with alarm fearing that Yosef will take vengeance upon them for selling him into Egyptian slavery and send him a request for clemency. Joseph good-heartedly assures them that he bears no animosity saying, "You contemplated evil against me, [but] God contemplated it for good, in order to do what is being done today [namely] to give life to many" (Bereshis 50:20). He prefaces his statement though by saying they should not fear because he is subservient (התחת) to G-d (ibid 19).

The Hasam Sofer makes use of casuistry to give a rational for Yosef's words. He explains that Yosef felt that Hashem had set him up to be a messenger of mercy and not a messenger of retribution. Although their intentions may have been bad, never the less, they caused him no harm. On the contrary good came to Yosef in that he was the one who saved the lives of many people. Therefore it would not be appropriate for him to punish them for their misdeeds.

The idea that the sale of Yosef was preordained and G-d's will is also discussed. When Jacob sent Joseph to check on his brothers the Chumash says, "he sent him from the depths of Hevron", (Genesis 37:14). Rashi explains that Hebron is on the high ground not in a valley. Rather it was advice from the depths of the tsadik [Avraham] who was buried in Hevron to fulfill the bris bein hab'sarim that your children will be sojourners, etc.", (Bereshis 16:13).

In Psalm 105:16 it says that, "a famine was declared on the land". Rashi explains that it was in order to exile the house of Ya'akov to Egypt. The Malbim explains that it was a decree from heaven made because of Abraham's question how will he know that his children will possess the Holy Land. He continues that Egypt was the fiery furnace in which Israel would be purified in order to inherit the land.  The Midrash Tehillim comments that it would have been appropriate for Ya'akov to go down to Egypt in chains, but the Holy One Blessed be He went through several gyrations to bring him there in dignity. Some of those gyrations were the things that occurred between Yosef and his brothers in order for Yosef to go down to Egypt.  

The Ba'al HaTurim notes the use of the subservient, התחת, in Yosef's statement that he is subservient to G-d. This word can also mean "in the place of". It is only used, though, three times in the Tanach with an introductory interrogative ה. The first time is when Rachel demands of Ya'akov that he give her children. Ya'akov angrily retorts "Am I in the place (התחת) of G-d (see Bereshis 30:1-2). The Ramban comments that this harsh response was reckoned as a sin and because of it Ya'akov's children in the future will stand before her children. This is a polite way of saying that in the future Ya'akov, who is compared to a lion, will be junior to Yosef, who here is compared to a fox, as explained by Rashi (Bereshis 47:31), "bow to the fox (Yosef) in his time".

The second time the word התחת is used by Joseph as mentioned above. However the introductory ה appears to be grammatically difficult. Some commentaries read as a rhetorical question in regards to applying a punishment, "am I in the place of G-d". The simplest understanding seems to be like the Rabeinu Bechai, "because to fear of G-d I am enslaved". However because it is exactly the same, it invites an analysis. The third time התחת is used is, "In exchange (התחת) for this Shimi will not be killed", (2 Samuel 19:22). On this the Ba'al HaTurim comments that this is the same language in which [Yosef] spoke to his brothers, and that the brothers had learned how to speak in Yosef's language.

Through this we can understand the story of Yosef and his brothers. The seed of Yosef was created when Ya'akov scornfully snapped, "Am I in the place of G-d". Yosef on the other hand kindly said the exact phrase but with the meaning, "I am subservient to G-d". What this means is that the this aspect of Yosef within Yisrael is small, misunderstood, and scorned. The brothers in contrast were drawn from the same phrase but the way the Ya'akov said it. Yosef is the tikun (correction). This will cause much bitter conflict but in the end Yosef will prevail and all of the brothers will speak his language.



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